The Three American Wests     

Joe Weber 《The Professional geographer》2019,71(2):239-252

In the twenty-first century, there are three American Wests, which cut across cultural, political, physical, and economic boundaries. Parts of the West are booming, building homes, and adding population; others are legally off limits to such development; and much of the West has been bypassed by such development and growth. These are called here the Booming West, Protected West, and Bypassed West. Maps of climate, political boundaries, ethnic and racial identities, or presidential voting patterns do not match these three Wests. Each West has a different relationship to the others and might see them as threats or opportunities, and each West can be expected to grow in different areas at the expense of other Wests. The boundaries between the three Wests could be important locations; sharp transitions can exist between Wests, perhaps nowhere more so than where a fast growing metro area abuts a national park or forest boundary. Finally, the effects of climate change cut across the three Wests and have different implications for their future. Continued population growth will further emphasize the boundaries between each of the three Wests and raise the stakes for their control.  相似文献   

Traces of volcanic ash from the Mediterranean,Iceland and North America in a Holocene record from south Wales,UK     

Gwydion Jones  Siwan M. Davies  Richard A. Staff  Neil J. Loader  Sarah J. Davies  Michael J. C. Walker 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(1-2):163-174

A tephra record is presented for a sediment core from Llyn Llech Owain, south Wales, spanning the early- to mid-Holocene. Seven cryptotephra deposits are discovered with three thought to correlate with known eruptions and the remaining four considered to represent previously undocumented events. One deposit is suggested to correlate with the ~6.9 cal ka bp Lairg A tephra from Iceland, whereas more distant sources are proposed as the origin for two of the tephra deposits. A peak of colourless shards in early-Holocene sediments is thought to tentatively correlate with the ~9.6 cal ka bp Fondi di Baia tephra (Campi Flegrei) and a second cryptotephra is tentatively correlated with the ~3.6 cal ka bp Aniakchak (CFE) II tephra (Alaska). The Fondi di Baia tephra has never been recorded beyond proximal sites and its discovery in south Wales significantly extends the geographical distribution of ash from this eruption. The remaining four cryptotephra deposits are yet to be correlated with known eruptions, demonstrating that our current understanding of widespread tephra deposits is incomplete. This new tephra record highlights the potential for sites at more southerly and westerly locations in northwest Europe to act as repositories for ash from several volcanic regions.  相似文献   

基于DEA-TOBIT模型的我国港口业 上市公司经营效率研究          下载免费PDF全文

郭鹏  温艳萍 《海洋开发与管理》2019,36(1):107-113

文章利用DEA-TOBIT两阶段法,对我国17家港口业上市公司2011—2016年经营效率及影响因素进行了测算和分析,并运用Malmquist指数对我国港口业上市公司的经营效率变化进行动态分析。研究结果表明:从静态效率分析,17家港口上市公司综合效率值相对较高,但维持在产出不变的情况下,港口公司投入仍有相对的节能空间;从动态效率上看,在研究期内17家港口上市公司的全要素生产率总体呈下降趋势,技术水平下降和规模效率的降低是造成全要素生产率降低的主要原因;从效率影响因素研究来看,总资产周转率、资产收益率、股权集中度和上市时间与港口经营效率呈正相关,企业的资产负债率对港口经营效率呈负向影响,企业的规模大小对港口经营效率的影响不明显。最后,根据实证结果,提出了科学合理的融资渠道组合,提高港口企业资产周转率;不断提升企业自身管理水平,科学控制企业规模;积极把握时代发展需求,加大企业技术创新,实现港口创新型驱动发展;大力建设港口组合,合作共享,协调发展等对策建议。  相似文献   

渤海夏季环流的高分辨率海浪-潮汐-环流耦合模式研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

夏长水  郭景松  王关锁  陈振华  匡晓迪 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(1):32-37

The Bohai Sea is a shallow semi-enclosed inner sea with an average depth of 18 m and is located at the west of the northern Yellow Sea. The climatological circulation pattern in summer of the Bohai Sea is studied by using a wave-tide-circulation coupled model. The simulated temperature and the circulation agree with the observation well. The result shows that the circulation pattern of the Bohai Sea is jointly influenced by the tidal residual current, wind and baroclinic current. There exists an obvious density current along the temperature front from the west part of the Liaodong Bay to the offshore area of the Huanghe Estuary. In the Liaodong Bay there exists a clockwise gyre in the area north to the 40°N. While in the area south to the 40°N the circulation shows a two-gyre structure, the flow from the offshore area of the Huanghe Estuary to the Liaodong Bay splits into two branches in the area between 39°N and 40°N. The west branch turns into north-west and forms an anti-clockwise gyre with the south-westward density current off the west of the Liaodong Bay. The east branch turns to the east and forms a clockwise gyre with the flow along the east coast of the Liaodong Bay. The forming mechanism of the circulation is also discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

深圳市浴场用海定级研究          下载免费PDF全文

崔东阳  陈萍  吴桂敏  唐琳 《海洋学研究》2019,37(4):79-84

海域分等定级是制定海域使用金征收标准和开展海域资产价格评估的前提和依据。借鉴《海域定级技术指引(试行)》,遵循资源禀赋差异、收益差异、节约利用和生态用海的原则选取海域自然条件和海域区位条件2个定级因素及海水质量、海洋自然灾害等10个评价因子,构建深圳市浴场用海定级的评价指标体系。采用综合指数评价法计算出207个评价单元的得分情况,通过聚类分析方法和变异系数(CV)来校核级别,最终将浴场用海的海域划分为Ⅰ级(22.22%)、Ⅱ级(33.82%)和Ⅲ级(43.96%)3个级别。研究成果为海洋管理部门制定浴场用海不同级别的基准价格提供了依据。  相似文献   

Assessing basin storage: Comparison of hydrometric- and tracer-based indices of dynamic and total storage     

Ciara D. Cooke  James M. Buttle 《水文研究》2020,34(9):2012-2031

Storage is a fundamental but elusive component of drainage basin function, influencing synchronization between precipitation input and streamflow output and mediating basin sensitivity to climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change. We compare hydrometric and isotopic approaches to estimate indices of dynamic and total basin storage, respectively, and assess inter-basin differences in these indices across the Oak Ridges Moraine (ORM) region of southern Ontario, Canada. Dynamic storage indices for the 20 study basins included the ratio of baseflow to total streamflow (baseflow index BFI), Q ₉₉ flow and flow duration curve (FDC) slope. Ratios of the standard deviation of the streamflow stable isotope signal relative to that of precipitation were determined for each basin from a 1 year bi-weekly sampling program and used as indicators of total storage. Smaller ratios imply longer water travel times, smaller young water fractions (F _yw, < ~2–3 months in age) in streamflow and greater basin storage. Ratios were inversely related to BFI and Q ₉₉, and positively related to FDC slope, suggesting longer travel times and smaller F _yw for basins with stable baseflow-dominated streamflow regimes. Inter-basin differences in all indices reflected topographic, hydrogeologic and LULC controls on storage, which was greatest in steep, forest-covered headwaters underlain by permeable deposits with thick and relatively uniform unsaturated zones. Nevertheless, differential sensitivity of indices to controls on storage indicates the value of using several indices to capture more completely how basin characteristics influence storage. Regression relationships between storage indices and basin characteristics provided reasonable predictions of aspects of the streamflow regime of test basins in the ORM region. Such relationships and the underlying knowledge of controls on basin storage in this landscape provide the foundation for initial predictions of relative differences in streamflow response to regional changes in climate and LULC.  相似文献   

Mapping 3D visibility in an urban street environment from mobile LiDAR point clouds     

Yi Zhao  Jianping Wu  Song Shu  Handong Liang  Min Liu 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(6):797-812

ABSTRACT

Visibility determination is a key requirement in a wide range of national and urban applications, such as national security, landscape management, and urban design. Mobile LiDAR point clouds can depict the urban built environment with a high level of details and accuracy. However, few three-dimensional visibility approaches have been developed for the street-level point-cloud data. Accordingly, an approach based on mobile LiDAR point clouds has been developed to map the three-dimensional visibility at the street level. The method consists of five steps: voxelization of point-cloud data, construction of lines-of-sight, construction of sectors of sight, construction of three-dimensional visible space, and calculation of volume index. The proposed approach is able to automatically measure the volume of visible space and openness at any viewpoint along a street. This approach has been applied to three study areas. The results indicated that the proposed approach enables accurate simulation of visible space as well as high-resolution (1 m × 1 m) mapping of the visible volume index. The proposed approach can make a contribution to the improvement of urban planning and design processes that aim at developing more sustainable built environments.  相似文献   

基于无人机遥感和面向对象法的简单地物分类研究     

袁慧洁 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):113-117,123

近年来,全国各地进行了大范围的土地利用调查,随着无人机遥感技术越来越成熟,无人机影像分析技术已深入应用到土地利用调查中,其中最多的用途是地物分类。本文选择昭通市昭阳区某乡镇区域为研究区,对采集到的无人机影像进行预处理,生成对应的正射影像;基于多种可见光植被指数,计算每3种指数合并得到影像的OIF指数,确定最佳波段组合;采用基于规则和基于样本两种面向对象分类方法,提取房屋、道路、植被等简单地物及背景。分析结果:两种方法的提取精度均达到90%以上,基于规则的面向对象分类方法精度较高,但耗时较长;基于样本的面向对象方法耗时较短,精度相对较低。两种方法相结合的全自动分类提取是下一步研究的目标。  相似文献   

测绘地理信息档案管理对策研究     

李明 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):9-11,15

国民经济建设对测绘地理信息档案的需求旺盛,如何对测绘地理信息数据进行归档管理,提高测绘地理信息档案存储的安全性及方便再利用,已经成为测绘地理信息档案管理部门需要研究的重要课题。本文通过分析当前测绘地理信息档案管理的现状,指出存在的问题,提出有力的改进措施。  相似文献   

基于水利益共享的跨境流域水资源多目标分配研究——以澜沧江-湄公河为例   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

刘艳丽  赵志轩  孙周亮  王国庆  金君良  王高旭  鲍振鑫  刘翠善  贺瑞敏 《地理科学》2019,39(3):387-393

以水利益共享代替分水的理念有利于充分发挥水资源效益和减少区域矛盾冲突,但由于缺乏具体可实施的分配模式一直停留在设想阶段。基于水利益共享理念,建立跨境流域水资源多目标分配指标体系,并结合澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源利用现状及需求,提出澜沧江-湄公河流域跨境水资源多目标分配模型。为基于水利益共享的跨境水资源多目标分配提供了具有充分可操作性的指标体系和分配模型,有助于推进跨境流域水利益共享的实施,实现区域双边或多边在水资源利用上的共赢和发展目标。  相似文献